linux:email:greylisting:postgrey [hackerbruecke.net]

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==== Greylisting ====
For a overview what greylisting does, have a look at [[http://www.greylisting.org/|www.greylisting.org/]] \\ 
\\ 
There are several greylisting daemons for Postfix available. I stick to David Schweikert's [[http://postgrey.schweikert.ch/|Postgrey]] or to Lionel Bouton's [[http://sqlgrey.sourceforge.net/|SQLgrey]] in combination with it's web-interface [[SQLGrey Web Interface|http://www.vanheusden.com/sgwi/]]
\\ 
=== Postgrey ===

==== Postgrey greylisting daemon ====
**perldoc postgrey:**
  postgrey - Postfix Greylisting Policy Server
  
  SYNOPSIS
  
  <postgrey> [<options>...]
  
   -h, --help              display this help and exit
       --version           output version information and exit
   -v, --verbose           increase verbosity level
  
   -u, --unix=PATH         listen on unix socket PATH
   -i, --inet=[HOST:]PORT  listen on PORT, localhost if HOST is not specified
   -d, --daemonize         run in the background
       --pidfile=PATH      put daemon pid into this file
       --user=USER         run as USER (default: postgrey)
       --group=GROUP       run as group GROUP (default: nogroup)
       --dbdir=PATH        put db files in PATH (default: /var/spool/postfix/postgrey)
       --delay=N           greylist for N seconds (default: 300)
       --max-age=N         delete entries older than N days since the last time
                           that they have been seen (default: 35)
       --retry-window=N    allow only N days for the first retrial (default: 2)
                           append 'h' if you want to specify it in hours
       --greylist-action=A if greylisted, return A to Postfix (default: DEFER_IF_PERMIT)
       --greylist-text=TXT response when a mail is greylisted
                           (default: Greylisted + help url, see below)
       --lookup-by-subnet  strip the last 8 bits from IP addresses (default)
       --lookup-by-host    do not strip the last 8 bits from IP addresses
       --whitelist-clients=FILE     default: /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_clients
       --whitelist-recipients=FILE  default: /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_recipients
       --auto-whitelist-clients=N   whitelist host after first successful delievery
                                    N is the minimal count of mails before a client is
                                    whitelisted (turned on by default with value 5)
                                    specify N=0 to disable.
       --privacy           store data using one-way hash functions
       --hostname=NAME     set the hostname (default: `hostname`)
       --exim              don't reuse a socket for more than one query (exim compatible)
  
   Note that the --whitelist-x options can be specified multiple times,
   and that per default /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_clients.local is
   also read, so that you can put there local entries.
  
\\ 
  * create "/etc/default/postgrey":

  #
  # Insert startup options here
  #
  OPTIONS="--inet=localhost:10023 --daemonize --dbdir=/var/lib/postgrey --user=postgrey --pidfile=/var/run/postgrey.pid      --whitelist-clients=/etc/postfix/postgrey/postgrey_whitelist_clients --whitelist-recipients=/etc/postfix/postgrey/postgrey_whitelist_recipients"

  * Put something like this in /etc/main.cf:  

            smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
                          permit_mynetworks
                          ...
                          reject_unauth_destination
                          check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023


  * Copy the provided "postgrey_whitelist_clients" and "postgrey_whitelist_recipients" to "/etc/postfix/".
  * Put in "/etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_recipients" users that do not want greylisting.

**Whitelists:** \\ 
Whitelists allow you to specify client addresses or recipient address, for which no greylisting should be done. Per default postgrey will read the following files:
  /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_clients
  /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_clients.local
  /etc/postfix/postgrey_whitelist_recipients
\\ 
You can specify alternative paths with the whitelist options.\\ 
\\ 
Postgrey whitelists follow similar syntax rules as Postfix access tables.  The following can be specified for recipient addresses:
  domain.addr
            "domain.addr" domain and subdomains.
  name@     "name@.*" and extended addresses "name+blabla@.*".
  name@domain.addr
            "name@domain.addr" and extended addresses.
  /regexp/  anything that matches "regexp" (the full address is matched).
\\ 
The following can be specified for client addresses:
  domain.addr
            "domain.addr" domain and subdomains.
  IP1.IP2.IP3.IP4
            IP address IP1.IP2.IP3.IP4. You can also leave off one number, in which case only the first specified numbers will be checked.
  /regexp/  anything that matches "regexp" (the full address is matched).
  
**Auto-whitelisting clients:**
With the option auto-whitelist-clients a client IP address will be automatically whitelisted if the following conditions are met:
  * At least 5 successfull attempts of delivering a mail (after greylisting was done). That number can be changed by specifying a number after the auto-whitelist-clients argument. Only one attempt per hour counts.
  * The client was last seen before maxage days (35 per default).
  
**Greylist Action:**\\ 
To set the action to be returned to postfix when a message fails postgreys tests and should be deferred, use the greylistaction=ACTION option.\\ 
\\ 
By default, postgrey returns DEFER_IF_PERMIT, which causes postfix to check the rest of the restrictions and defer the message only if it would otherwise be accepted.  A delay action of 451 causes postfix to always defer the message with an SMTP reply code of 451 (temp fail).\\ 
\\ 
See the postfix manual page access(5) for a discussion of the actions allowed.\\ 
\\ 
**Greylist Text:**\\ 
When a message is greylisted, an error message like this will be sent at the SMTP-level:
  Greylisted, see http://isg.ee.ethz.ch/tools/postgrey/help/example.com.html
  
Usually no user should see that error message and the idea of that URL is to provide some help to system administrators seeing that message or users of broken mail clients which try to send mails directly and get a greylisting error. Note that the default help URL contains the original recipient domain (example.com), so that domainspecific help can be presented to the user (on the default page it is said to contact postmaster@example.com)\\ 
\\ 
You can change the text (and URL) with the greylisttext parameter.\\ 
The following special variables will be replaced in the text:\\ 
  %s  How many seconds left until the greylisting is over (300).
  %r  Maildomain of the recipient (example.com).
 
**Privacy:**\\ 
The privacy option enable the use of a SHA1 hash function to store IPs and emails in the greylisting database.  This will defeat straight forward attempts to retrieve mail user behaviours.\\ 
\\ 
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